2015-07-10
831
國內公路架橋機使(shi)用安全技術注(zhu)解：
國內公(gong)路架橋機(ji)分類：
一、兩大系列
A、配重過孔型
B、自平衡(heng)過(guo)孔型
A配重過孔：
1、滾輪型(已淘汰)
2、步履型；
1、配(pei)重物不(bu)(bu)動(T梁(liang)或箱梁(liang))：擠壓法(大(da)河路橋：目前國內***安(an)全的過(guo)(guo)孔方式(shi)：中支(zhi)固定(ding)不(bu)(bu)動，后托固定(ding)不(bu)(bu)動，配(pei)重梁(liang)及(ji)運梁(liang)炮車固定(ding)不(bu)(bu)動，通過(guo)(guo)中支(zhi)反托電機正(zheng)轉運行(xing)、天車縱移輪(lun)箱反轉運行(xing)，上壓下擠方法，使大(da)梁(liang)及(ji)前支(zhi)同步(bu)安(an)全過(guo)(guo)孔，俗稱擠壓式(shi)過(guo)(guo)空(kong)法。)
2、配(pei)重物移動(T梁或箱梁)：馬上被淘汰，缺點是(shi)在(zai)配(pei)重過孔時，運梁車(che)(目前(qian)市場運梁車(che)已(yi)被輪胎型取代)在(zai)行走過程中受外來或地(di)面因素萬一出現爆(bao)胎會造成不(bu)堪(kan)設想(xiang)的安(an)全事故。
B自(zi)平(ping)衡過孔型：
1、無(wu)導梁(liang)型;前(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)及前(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)路軌主梁(liang)同步(bu)前(qian)(qian)行法;(大河路橋：在過(guo)孔(kong)時，前(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)與主梁(liang)同步(bu)，利用天車1天車2中(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)及中(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)橫移軌道后托(tuo)后支(zhi)(zhi)的(de)自(zi)身的(de)附件(jian)重量作為(wei)配重物，平衡(heng)，安全，穩定過(guo)孔(kong))
2、引(yin)導(dao)副梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)型;架橋機主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)***前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)段15-20米(mi)的(de)小(xiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)俗稱引(yin)導(dao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，在(zai)過孔時先將(jiang)引(yin)導(dao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)面兩(liang)個油缸支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)蓋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)再把(ba)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橫移軌(gui)道沿主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)懸自(zi)行到(dao)(dao)蓋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)，由于我們工(gong)地(di)的(de)蓋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)寬度(du)(du)一(yi)般不(bu)超2米(mi)，何(he)況(kuang)(kuang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)只能靠蓋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)萬(wan)側擺放，想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)把(ba)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)固(gu)定(ding)住是(shi)(shi)件比較困難(nan)的(de)事，在(zai)蓋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)繩把(ba)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拉(la)住起(qi)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)不(bu)大(da)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)風(feng)繩角度(du)(du)太小(xiao)，不(bu)拉(la)風(feng)繩又因前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)太高容易傾斜倒掉，(以40橋機為例:沒有(you)縱坡的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)，T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.5M+中支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高度(du)(du)2.5M=5M,=前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)的(de)高度(du)(du)，遇見下(xia)坡橋前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)(hui)更高)接(jie)著說過孔過程：前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)后(hou)，引(yin)導(dao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)面兩(liang)個油缸收起(qi)，主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)沿前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)反(fan)托輪前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行，我們都(dou)知道架橋機的(de)主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)有(you)多(duo)段接(jie)拼組合成一(yi)體的(de)，接(jie)口(kou)(kou)處(chu)有(you)銷(xiao)軸連接(jie)，每一(yi)個接(jie)頭處(chu)都(dou)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)100%平整，況(kuang)(kuang)且接(jie)口(kou)(kou)處(chu)都(dou)有(you)2-5mm間(jian)隙，如因前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)反(fan)托輪運轉不(bu)良或(huo)接(jie)頭間(jian)隙過大(da)(長時間(jian)工(gong)作或(huo)運輸拼裝造(zao)成接(jie)口(kou)(kou)間(jian)隙過大(da)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中軸銷(xiao)磨(mo)損，銷(xiao)軸孔磨(mo)損脹大(da)，都(dou)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成間(jian)隙過大(da)不(bu)平整)萬(wan)一(yi)出現(xian)卡輪(因為前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)反(fan)托輪是(shi)(shi)圓形，已卡)在(zai)卡住的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)，操作人員(yuan)很難(nan)發現(xian)此故(gu)障，但橋機主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)還在(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行，直接(jie)把(ba)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)推到(dao)(dao)，造(zao)成不(bu)可(ke)挽回嚴重(zhong)事故(gu)。
3、伸縮(suo)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)型;與前引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)梁型大同小(xiao)異，此結構(gou)是(shi)在引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)梁基礎上(shang)改進的(de)產品，但從(cong)根本(ben)上(shang)沒解(jie)決卡(ka)輪現象，只是(shi)治標不治本(ben)的(de)方法，只是(shi)稍微解(jie)決運輸(shu)的(de)特點，并沒決絕使用過程中安全隱患。
二(er)、結構，技術；
1、前(qian)支;國(guo)內***強悍的前(qian)支(大河路橋;四(si)柱(zhu)型(xing))
2、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);市場上U型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分解;不(bu)(bu)(bu)少廠家(jia)已他制造(zao)U型(xing)V型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)豪，我來給大(da)(da)家(jia)講解一下，前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿因(yin)(yin)受蓋梁(liang)(liang)長度影(ying)響，前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿下橫(heng)移(yi)(yi)(yi)輪箱(xiang)必須向橋(qiao)(qiao)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)靠攏(long)(主要是(shi)考慮邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)一步到位)，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)已經架(jia)過(guo)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)上面，不(bu)(bu)(bu)必要像前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一樣往中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)靠攏(long)，因(yin)(yin)架(jia)邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一樣有(you)橫(heng)移(yi)(yi)(yi)軌道(dao)，況(kuang)且我們(men)的(de)(de)邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)都有(you)較(jiao)寬的(de)(de)翼(yi)板(ban)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輪箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)還(huan)在(zai)翼(yi)板(ban)的(de)(de)內側(ce)200M處，在(zai)吊(diao)邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)時有(you)些商(shang)家(jia)和(he)廠家(jia)忽悠客戶說會把翼(yi)板(ban)壓斷(duan)，如果(guo)說能把翼(yi)板(ban)壓斷(duan)，那么修好的(de)(de)高(gao)速公(gong)路緊急(ji)車道(dao)100T左右貨車都可以(yi)停下，你還(huan)會相信會壓斷(duan)嗎，何況(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)有(you)橫(heng)移(yi)(yi)(yi)軌道(dao)主要受力部分，翼(yi)板(ban)只是(shi)輔助作用，U型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)V型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優勢不(bu)(bu)(bu)但不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)，反(fan)而制造(zao)出(chu)安全隱患(huan)，在(zai)吻時比沒(mei)U型(xing)橋(qiao)(qiao)機(ji)要吊(diao)高(gao)500MM左右，在(zai)橫(heng)坡架(jia)邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)時容(rong)易側(ce)翻(fan)，有(you)部分廠家(jia)設計(ji)計(ji)算不(bu)(bu)(bu)負責(ze)，吊(diao)邊(bian)梁(liang)(liang)時把u型(xing)折(zhe)彎出(chu)壓變形(xing)或折(zhe)斷(duan)，從而造(zao)成(cheng)橋(qiao)(qiao)機(ji)坍塌(ta)釀成(cheng)重大(da)(da)事故，從前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)點(dian)u型(xing)呈(cheng)現出(chu)四(si)方形(xing)頭重腳(jiao)(jiao)輕結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，能不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在(zai)安全隱患(huan)嗎，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)U型(xing)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)呈(cheng)現出(chu)是(shi)矩形(xing)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)頭重腳(jiao)(jiao)輕結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)矩形(xing)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)正好彌補橋(qiao)(qiao)機(ji)橫(heng)坡架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)是(shi)的(de)(de)側(ce)斜作用力。
三、以上注解；
1、同行(xing)廠(chang)家(jia)商(shang)家(jia)讀(du)后，不要(yao)產生敵對思想，我們要(yao)以(yi)客戶為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心吧(ba)，把我們這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)行(xing)業安全意識提高(gao)一(yi)些，為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)高(gao)風險行(xing)業注入安全理念(nian)，更安全服務(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)國高(gao)速公(gong)路的建設發(fa)展(zhan)。
2、在(zai)用以(yi)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu)情況(kuang)的架橋(qiao)機使用單位或個人，要注意(yi)上(shang)述(shu)情況(kuang)，多對設備檢查和定時保養，避免(mian)杜(du)絕(jue)安全事故(gu)發生。
